Air pollution a risk factor for brain stroke, similar to smoking
- A recent study published in The Lancet highlights air pollution as a significant risk factor for subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH).
- SAH is a type of brain stroke caused by blood vessel rupture between the brain and the tissues covering it.
Findings of the Study
- The research shows that about 14% of the death and disability caused by SAH in 2021 could be attributed to particulate matter air pollution.
- Particulate matter pollution, especially PM 2.5, is responsible for the loss of 2.6 million healthy life years globally due to SAH.
- This is one million more than that from smoking, another major risk factor for SAH
- Pollutants like PM 2.5 damage arterial cells, increasing the chances of vessel rupture, which can lead to strokes.
How Pollutants Lead to Strokes
- Air pollution introduces harmful gases and particulate matter into the bloodstream, which can damage the lining of blood vessels, leading to blood clots.
- This risk is heightened in individuals with fatty plaques in their blood vessels.
- If the person is dehydrated and the blood is thickened, as often happens in hot weather, there is a higher risk of blood clots leading to strokes.
- Elderly persons, persons with pre-existing heart disease or diabetes and tobacco smokers are at a higher risk.
Air Pollution vs Smoking
- Health experts highlight that the health risks from air pollution mirror those associated with smoking.
- Both cause incomplete combustion products that lead to inflammation and arterial damage, raising the likelihood of strokes.
Can Masks Protect Against Air Pollution?
- Masks can provide temporary protection, especially in heavily polluted areas, however, it is not a sustainable solution for reducing exposure.
- Instead, emission reductions and cleaner technologies are necessary to address the root causes of air pollution.
- Well-ventilated indoor spaces, outdoor environments with good airflow, and greenery can reduce pollution-related health risks.
- Avoiding areas with high outdoor or indoor air pollution is essential.
Prelims Takeaway
- Air Pollution
- National Clean Air Programme (NCAP)