| Why in News? | Pune, Maharashtra, has reported a sudden increase in Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) cases. Health authorities are investigating causes and implementing measures. |
| About GBS | Rare neurological disorder where the immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system, leading to weakness, numbness, or paralysis. More common in adults and males. |
| Causes and Triggers | Often triggered by: |
| - Viral or bacterial infections (e.g., Campylobacter jejuni, Zika virus) |
| - Vaccination |
| - Major surgeries |
| Symptoms | Initial Symptoms: Weakness, tingling in feet progressing upwards. |
| Progressive Symptoms: Vision issues, swallowing difficulties, speech problems, abnormal heart rate, pain, and bladder/digestive issues. |
| Severe Cases: Complete paralysis requiring mechanical ventilation. |
| Diagnosis | - Clinical Evaluation: Medical history and neurological examination. |
| - Tests: |
| - Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV): Measures signal transmission in nerves. |
| - Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis: Elevated protein without increased white cells. |
| - Electromyography (EMG): Assesses nerve involvement. |
| Treatment Options | - Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG): Modulates immune response. |
| - Plasmapheresis: Removes harmful antibodies. |
| - Supportive Care: Mechanical ventilation and physical therapy for recovery. |
| Recovery and Prognosis | Recovery varies; some recover in weeks, others take months or years. Long-term issues like chronic fatigue or persistent pain may occur. |
| Current Scenario in Pune | - Rising cases have raised concerns. |
| - Authorities investigating potential triggers (e.g., viral infections or environmental factors). |
| Response by Authorities | - Enhanced Surveillance: Monitoring and reporting cases. |
| - Public Awareness Campaigns: Educating about symptoms and early intervention. |
| - Healthcare Strengthening: Ensuring hospitals can handle increased neurological care demand. |
| Preventive Measures | - Good Hygiene: Handwashing and avoiding contact with infectious individuals. |
